nginx的访问控制、用户认证、https![]()
一、nginx的访问控制
1、用于location段的allow、deny
Allow：设定允许哪台或哪些主机访问，多个参数间用空格隔开
Deny：设定禁止那台或哪些主机访问，多个参数间用空格隔开
举例：
（1）node1：（禁止192.168.100.20主机访问）
[root@stw ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
[root@stw
~]# nginx -s reload
location /abc {
echo "yyqx";
deny 192.168.100.20;
}
测试访问：
node2：
[root@stw2 ~]# curl http://192.168.100.10/abc
<html>
<head><title>403 Forbidden</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>403 Forbidden</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.24.0</center>
</body>
</html>
node3：
[root@stw3 ~]# curl http://192.168.100.10/abc
yyqx
（2）node1：（允许192.168.100.20主机访问，没有写拒绝，则还是允许所有）
[root@stw ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
[root@stw ~]# nginx -s reload
location /abc {
echo "yyqx";
allow 192.168.100.20;
}
测试访问：
node2：
[root@stw2 ~]# curl http://192.168.100.10/abc
yyqx
node3：
[root@stw3 ~]# curl http://192.168.100.10/abc
yyqx
（3）node1：（允许192.168.100.20主机访问，拒接所有，即只允许20访问）
[root@stw ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
[root@stw ~]# nginx -s reload
location /abc {
echo "yyqx";
allow 192.168.100.20;
deny all;
}
测试访问：
node2：
[root@stw2 ~]# curl http://192.168.100.10/abc
yyqx
node3：
[root@stw3 ~]# curl http://192.168.100.10/abc
<html>
<head><title>403 Forbidden</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>403 Forbidden</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.24.0</center>
</body>
</html>
（4）node1：（将deny写在前面，则拒绝所有）
[root@stw ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
[root@stw ~]# nginx -s reload
location /abc {
echo "yyqx";
deny all;
allow 192.168.100.20;
}
测试访问：
node2：
[root@stw2 ~]# curl http://192.168.100.10/abc
<html>
<head><title>403 Forbidden</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>403 Forbidden</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.24.0</center>
</body>
</html>
node3：
[root@stw3 ~]# curl http://192.168.100.10/abc
<html>
<head><title>403 Forbidden</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>403 Forbidden</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.24.0</center>
</body>
</html>
2、开启stub_status模块（查看连接请求的处理状态）
stub_status模块主要作用于查看nginx的一些状态信息
node1：
[root@stw ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
[root@stw ~]# nginx -s reload
location /status {
echo "yyqx";
stub_status on;
}
测试访问：
[root@stw2 ~]# curl http://192.168.100.10/status
Active connections: 1
server accepts handled requests
9 9 9
Reading: 0 Writing: 1 Waiting: 0
Active connections：当前nginx正在处理的活动连接数
Server accepts handled requests：nginx总共处理了9个连接，成功创建9次握手，总共处理了9个请求
Reading：nginx读取到客户端的Header信息数
Writing：nginx返回给客户端的Header信息数
Waiting：开启keep-alive的情况下，这个值等于active-（reading+writing），意思就是nginx已经处理完成，正在等候下一次请求指令的驻留连接。
所以在访问效率高、请求很快就被处理完毕的情况下，waiting数比较多是正常的。
如果reading+writing数较多，则说明并发访问量非常大，正在处理过程中。
二、用户认证
1、安装httpd-tools软件包
[root@stw yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo epel.repo epel-testing.repo
[root@stw yum.repos.d]# yum -y install httpd-tools
2、用htpasswd来创建文件及用户
htpasswd -c -m /path/to/.user_auth_file USERNAME（/path/to/:文件路径位置；.user_auth_file：文件名称，这里.表示隐藏文件；USERNAME：用户名）
[root@stw yum.repos.d]# cd
[root@stw ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf
[root@stw conf]# pwd
/usr/local/nginx/conf
[root@stw conf]# ls
fastcgi.conf koi-win scgi_params
fastcgi.conf.default mime.types scgi_params.default
fastcgi_params mime.types.default uwsgi_params
fastcgi_params.default nginx.conf uwsgi_params.default
koi-utf nginx.conf.default win-utf
[root@stw conf]# htpasswd -c -m .user_auth_file yyqx
New password: //密码为123456
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user yyqx
[root@stw conf]# ls -a
. koi-utf scgi_params
.. koi-win scgi_params.default
fastcgi.conf mime.types .user_auth_file
fastcgi.conf.default mime.types.default uwsgi_params
fastcgi_params nginx.conf uwsgi_params.default
fastcgi_params.default nginx.conf.default win-utf
[root@stw conf]# cat .user_auth_file
yyqx:$apr1$P3dtjLMc$LCjEsPQ9iAPLKD6.DTs1e/
3、配置nginx（注意auth_basic_user_file必须用绝对路径）
[root@stw conf]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
[root@stw conf]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@stw conf]# nginx -s reload
location /status {
stub_status on;
auth_basic "welcone to";
auth_basic_user_file "/usr/local/nginx/conf/.user_auth_file";
}
浏览器测试访问：（用户名：yyqx，密码：123456）
三、https配置
Nginx：192.168.100.10
CA：192.168.100.20
1、在CA服务器中生成一对密钥（私钥和公钥）
[root@stw2 ~]# cd /etc/pki/CA
[root@stw2 CA]# ls
certs crl newcerts private
[root@stw2 CA]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out private/cakey.pem 2048)
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
.......................................................................................................................+++
..............+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
[root@stw2 CA]# openssl rsa -in private/cakey.pem -pubout
writing RSA key
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAsudeYDlwO4EgnK16RsEX
mhzrf4fqKeTSBSPrCWEDCDrqi6xdsC1clgqxKeC3DAvriU6UrmR9nzjUecQWIszu
JKtXugMNZZ9Tkv50dIuMI0b303VkAqzRdVvJpd6KEgb6vE7SVQuY3HhL+CA/V2Uj
MddiE0aAHe5bjw59D6noa9iTi4xDtjBeSg6pWY8oDFyF6mttRP0AbihzqGz8YrbR
d/pAMFYLJvVcaEP63qm9abtGvzT80l6COUogRxFGr6Qb0exXo6t7tuxw3fnMRk52
WB0IxfDuvu8zr21eAybPnNMYXS80Q+yOOSCXL+/D1Uao8uMt98P71TJ/byxv5KWQ
DwIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
2、生成签名证书（相当于机构定义一个证书标准）
[root@stw2 CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 1024
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:HB
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:WH
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:LQ
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:linux
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:yyqx
Email Address []:admin@example.com
3、创建两个文件（index.txt和序列号serial）
[root@stw2 CA]# touch /etc/pki/CA/index.txt
[root@stw2 CA]# echo "01" > /etc/pki/CA/serial
[root@stw2 CA]# ls
cacert.pem certs crl index.txt newcerts private serial
4、在nginix中先生成私钥（httpd.key），再生成证书签署请求，发送给CA
[root@stw conf]# pwd
/usr/local/nginx/conf
[root@stw conf]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out httpd.key 2048)
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
.............+++
...........................................................................................................................+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
[root@stw conf]# openssl req -new -key httpd.key -days 1024 -out httpd.csr
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:HB
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:WH
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:LQ
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:linux
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:stw
Email Address []:admin@example.com
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
[root@stw conf]# ls
fastcgi.conf koi-utf scgi_params
fastcgi.conf.default koi-win scgi_params.default
fastcgi_params mime.types uwsgi_params
fastcgi_params.default mime.types.default uwsgi_params.default
httpd.csr nginx.conf win-utf
httpd.key nginx.conf.default
[root@stw conf]# scp httpd.csr root@192.168.100.20:/root/
The authenticity of host '192.168.100.20 (192.168.100.20)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:R7/1dpul7cu8SnefsN2wQw5hKDL+xekk0ffasLS6OGI.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:81:88:a1:16:52:83:c0:d5:59:ad:2b:3a:d5:52:02:bc.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.100.20' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.100.20's password:
httpd.csr
在CA主机中查看
[root@stw2 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg Documents httpd.csr Music Public Videos
Desktop Downloads initial-setup-ks.cfg Pictures Templates
5、CA签署证书
[root@stw2 ~]# openssl ca -in httpd.csr -out httpd.crt -days 1024
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
Validity
Not Before: Sep 26 02:51:16 2025 GMT
Not After : Jul 16 02:51:16 2028 GMT
Subject:
countryName = CN
stateOrProvinceName = HB
organizationName = LQ
organizationalUnitName = linux
commonName = stw
emailAddress = admin@example.com
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
CA:FALSE
Netscape Comment:
OpenSSL Generated Certificate
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
4B:B5:0C:89:B0:23:84:8A:31:5E:E8:71:61:71:B0:D9:F7:34:2B:9D
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:EB:5E:9C:EC:A9:A3:03:1E:08:D0:29:90:4E:29:4B:31:1A:0D:56:8A
Certificate is to be certified until Jul 16 02:51:16 2028 GMT (1024 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
[root@stw2 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg Documents httpd.crt initial-setup-ks.cfg Pictures Templates
Desktop Downloads httpd.csr Music Public Video
6、将CA签署的证书httpd.crt和服务器的证书cacert.pem发送给nginx
[root@stw2 ~]# scp httpd.crt root@192.168.100.10:/usr/local/nginx/conf/
The authenticity of host '192.168.100.10 (192.168.100.10)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:R7/1dpul7cu8SnefsN2wQw5hKDL+xekk0ffasLS6OGI.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:81:88:a1:16:52:83:c0:d5:59:ad:2b:3a:d5:52:02:bc.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.100.10' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.100.10's password:
httpd.crt 100% 4522 2.3MB/s 00:00
[root@stw2 ~]# scp /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem root@192.168.100.10:/usr/local/nginx/conf/
root@192.168.100.10's password:
cacert.pem 100% 1359 442.7KB/s 00:00
nginx中查看
[root@stw conf]# ls
cacert.pem httpd.crt mime.types scgi_params.default
fastcgi.conf httpd.csr mime.types.default uwsgi_params
fastcgi.conf.default httpd.key nginx.conf uwsgi_params.default
fastcgi_params koi-utf nginx.conf.default win-utf
fastcgi_params.default koi-win scgi_params
7、nginx配置https（修改配置文件之前将配置文件备份）
[root@stw conf]# cp nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak
[root@stw conf]# vim nginx.conf
[root@stw conf]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
# HTTPS server
#
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name localhost;
ssl_certificate httpd.crt;
ssl_certificate_key httpd.key;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
}
8、编辑测试网页，重载服务，验证
[root@stw conf]# cd /usr/local/nginx
[root@stw nginx]# ls
client_body_temp fastcgi_temp logs sbin uwsgi_temp
conf html proxy_temp scgi_temp
[root@stw nginx]# cd html
[root@stw html]# ls
50x.html index.html
[root@stw html]# echo "welcome to" > index.html
[root@stw html]# nginx -s reload
参考文章：原文链接
该文章在 2025/9/29 10:11:38 编辑过
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